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''The Rules of Sociological Method'' ((フランス語:Les Règles de la Méthode Sociologique)) is a book by Émile Durkheim, first published in 1895. It is recognized as being the direct result of Durkheim's own project of establishing sociology as a positivist social science.〔 Durkheim is seen as one of the fathers of sociology, and this work, his manifesto of sociology. Durkheim distinguishes sociology from other sciences and justifies his rationale.〔 Sociology is the science of social facts. Durkheim suggests two central theses, without which sociology would not be a science: # It must have a specific object of study. Unlike philosophy or psychology, sociology's proper object of study are social facts. # It must respect and apply a recognized objective scientific method, bringing it as close as possible to the other exact sciences. This method must at all cost avoid prejudice and subjective judgment. This book was one of the defining books for the new science of sociology. Durkheim's argument that social sciences should be approached with the same rigorous scientific method as used in natural sciences was seen as revolutionary for the time.〔 ''The Rules'' is seen as an important text in sociology and is a popular book on sociological theory courses. The book's meaning is still being debated by sociologists. ==Sociology as the study of social facts== (詳細はThe definition of social facts illustrates the holistic paradigm in which Durkheim's social facts are defined by two main features: they are external to and coercive to individuals.〔 They not only represent behavior but also the rules that govern behavior and give it meaning. Social facts are external to individuals, they predate them and survive them (we can give here the examples of the law, language, morality, etc.). Social facts can be constraining: if individuals do not do act as they dictate, they may face social penalties.〔 The binding nature of social facts is often implicit, because the rules of society are internalized by individuals in the process of education and socialization.〔 Durkheim distinguished two types of social facts: normal social facts - which, within a society, occur regularly and most often - and pathological social facts - which are much less common. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Rules of Sociological Method」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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